The beauty of Borrowdale is a result of a combination of nature, weather, time and human activity. The valley's geology is formed from ancient volcanic debris that formed around 450 million years ago, and is part of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group.

The valley was shaped by glaciers that carved out its distinctive U-shaped form, leaving behind features such as roches moutonnées, hanging valleys, and terminal moraines. The Bowder Stone, a popular tourist attraction, is also a result of glacial activity and subsequent weathering.

The valley's history and geology continue to be shaped by onging natural processes and human activity, with the Borrowdale Story working to preserve the area's history and culture for future generations to appreciate.